IBN KHALDUN (d. 808 H. in Cairo)

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Inlägg: 1060
Blev medlem: mån mar 05, 2007 2:47

IBN KHALDUN (d. 808 H. in Cairo)

Inläggav b » tor jul 12, 2007 14:04

IBN KHALDUN (d. 808 H. / 1406 CE in Cairo)

Ref: http://www.witness-pioneer.org/vil/Arti ... haldun.htm

Ibn Khaldun is universally recognized as the founder and father of Sociology and Sciences of History. He is best known for his famous 'Muqaddimah,' (Prolegomena). Abd al-Rahman Ibn Mohammad, generally known as Ibn Khaldun after a remote ancestor, was born in Tunis in 732 A.H. (1332 C.E.) to an upper class family that had migrated from Seville in Muslim Spain. His ancestors were Yemenite Arabs who settled in Spain in the very beginning of Muslim rule in the eighth century.

During his formative years, Ibn Khaldun experienced his family's active participation in the intellectual life of the city, and to a lesser degree, its political life. He was used to frequent visits to his family by the political and intellectual leaders of western Islamic states (i.e., North Africa and Spain), many of whom took refuge there. Ibn Khaldun was educated at Tunis and Fez, and studied the Qur'an, Prophet Muhammad's Traditions and other branches of Islamic studies such as Dialectical theology, shari'a (Islamic Law of Jurisprudence, according to the Maliki School). He also studied Arabic literature, philosophy, mathematics and astronomy. While still in his teens, he entered the service of the Egyptian ruler Sultan Barquq.

Ibn Khaldun led a very active political life before he finally settled down to write his well-known masterpiece on history. He worked for rulers in Tunis and Fez (in Morocco), Granada (in Muslim Spain) and Biaja (in North Africa). In 1375, Ibn Khaldun crossed over to Muslim Spain (Granada) as a tired and embittered man solely for the reasons of escaping the turmoil in North Africa. Unfortunately, because of his political past, the ruler of Granada expelled him. He then went back to Algeria to spend four years in seclusion in Qalat Ibn Salama, a small village. It was in Qalat he wrote Muqaddimah, the first volume of his world history that won him an immortal place among historians, sociologists and philosophers. The uncertainty of his career continued because of unrest in North Africa. Finally, he settled in Egypt where he spent his last twenty-four years. Here, he lived a life of fame and respect, marked by his appointment as the Chief Malakite Judge. He also lectured at the Al-Azhar University.

Ibn Khaldun had to move from one court to another, sometimes at his own will, but often forced to do so by plotting rivals or despotic rulers. He learnt much from his encounters with rulers, ambassadors, politicians and scholars from North Africa, Muslim Spain, Egypt and other parts of the Muslim world.

Ibn Khaldun is most famous for his book 'Muqaddimah' (Introduction). It is a masterpiece in literature on philosophy of history and sociology. The main theme of this monumental work was to identify psychological, economic, environmental and social facts that contribute to the advancement of human civilization and the currents of history. He analyzed the dynamics of group relationships and showed how group feelings, al-'Asabiyya, produce the ascent of a new civilization and political power. He identified an almost rhythmic repetition of the rise and fall in human civilization, and analyzed factors contributing to it.
Senast redigerad av b tor jul 12, 2007 21:47, redigerad totalt 1 gång.

Inlägg: 1060
Blev medlem: mån mar 05, 2007 2:47

Inläggav b » tor jul 12, 2007 14:07

Ibn Khaldun på svenska:

Utdrag ur Ibn Khalduns "Muqaddimah"
Svensk översättning: Ingvar Rydberg (Alhambra Förlag)

http://guidance.faithweb.com/kunskap/
Där finns följande kapitel:

- Vår tids olika vetenskaper
- Tolkningen av Koranen och Koranläsning
- Profettraditionerna (om hadithvetenskapen)
- Rättsvetenskapen (fiqh) och dess avläggare, arvslagarna
- Rättens källor (usul) Dialektik och dispyter
- Teologi (aqidah)
- Om Tassawuf
- Tolkningen av våra drömmar

Obs att det inte är en lärobok i dessa ämen, utan det en historisk/sociologisk analys av hur dessa vetenskaper utvecklats fram till Ibn Khalduns tid (700-t. H./1300-t. e.Kr)


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