Islam i bosnien

[Khadimu Profil]

Assalam alaikum

Här är en kort utdrag ur en avhandling om Bosniens historia skriven av en bosnisk (?) student i USA, Haveric, Dzavid:

Referens:
http://tux.lib.deakin.edu.au/adt-VDU/up ... 2whole.pdf

Islam in Bosnia and its contribution to the hybrid nature of Bosniak identity is also reflected through Bosnian contact with Muslim adventurers and explorers, as well as with different Sufi orders (most notably Bektashies, Mevlevies, Halveties and Nakshibendies) who preached and spread Islam. Visiting scholars from the east and west, as well as imperial expeditions by Caliphs or Sultans,
also contributed to the merging of a significant number of Bosnian inhabitants called Bogumils with Islam.

Different Sufi orders contributed to the Islamisation of Bosnians and the promotion of ideas such as tolerance and harmony. The Islamisation of Bosnia carried out by Sufi missionaries contributed to the enlarging of a base for the spread of Islam and its culture (Kiel, 1990: 205), and served as a bridge between different faiths. Sufism was an influential religious and intellectual movement, particularly in the early Ottoman centuries (Shaw, 1976: 23).

The contribution of Sufi missions, especially during the establishment of Muslim settlements, in introducing Islam to Europe was a significant aspect of new Muslim settlements in the Balkans including Bosnia.

Idag följer hela Bosnia-Herzegovina Imam Abu Hanifas lagskola, trots Saudi Arabiens och dess medhjälpares försök att sprida en ny tolkning av "Islam" i området.

[Drina Profil]

Sarajevo



Travnik


Mostar


Tuzla


Konjic


Nordvästra Bosnien


Ustikolina - östra Bosnien


Saudiernas bidrag till förskönandet av Sarajevo



Sandzak

[Khadim Jamil Profil Webbplats]

[Drina Profil]

Osmansk stil broder
Vilket får mig att tänka på att jag glömt en ganska unik moské:


Denna moské som finns att hitta i staden Bihac i nordvästra Bosnien är den enda(bevarade) moskén i latinsk(?) stil. Byggnaden var från början en katolsk kyrka och har senare(på 1500-talet) omvandlats till en moské.

[Drina Profil]

The modern Bosniaks, sometimes incorrectly referred to as Bosnian Muslims, descend from Bosnian converts to Islam in the 15th and 16th centuries, that lived in Bosnian Kingdom (they called themselves Good Bosnians, in old Bosnian: "Dobri Bošnjani"). Bosniaks are generally Sunni Muslims, although historically Sufism played a significant role in the country.

The Ottoman era
Islam was brought to this region by the Ottomans. Ottomans gained control of most of Bosnia in 1463, and seized Herzegovina in the 1480s. In the centuries after, a large number of South Slavs converted to Islam. Significant numbers of Catholics converted to the Orthodox Church, which was more favored by the Ottomans. Bosnia and Herzegovina remained provinces of the Ottoman Empire until the 1878 Congress of Berlin gave temporary control of the region to Austria- Hungary. In 1908, Austria-Hungary formally annexed the region.

Bosnia, along with Albania, were the only parts of Ottoman Europe where large numbers of alleged Christians converted to Islam. The most persuasive explanation for this is that all Christian faiths in this religious borderland were weak, with few churches and clergy. Current scholars embrace the theory that all or most of the Bosnian Christians who accepted Islam had been members of a indigenous heretical Bosnian Church. The Bosnian church was nearly extinct by the 15th century.

Under Ottoman rule, much of what used to be central, eastern, and southern Yugoslavia took on a distinctly Islamic character. In an empire in which Muslims were privileged and a ruling caste, converting to Islam offered advantages. The result, unique in Ottoman Europe, was a landholding and military nobility of native Muslim South Slavs ruling over a mostly Christian peasantry.

Secularism
For Bosnian Muslims, religion often serves as a community identifier, and religious practice is confined to occasional visits to the mosque or significant rites of passage such as birth, marriage, and death. Due to more modern influences and 45 years of Socialism, some Bosniaks have Atheist, Agnostic or Deist beliefs (Pre war estimate of 10% of total population). While there are significant numbers of Bosniaks who practice their faith to varying degrees, for others, this identity tends to be secular and is based primarily on ancestral traditions and ethnic loyalty. Bosniaks also have a reputation for being "liberal" Muslims. Headscarves for women, popular in middle-eastern countries, are worn by a minority, mostly of elder Bosniak Muslim women, and otherwise mostly for religious obligations.

Bosnian war
Ethnic cleansing during the 1992-1995 war caused internal migration, which almost completely segregated the population into separate ethno-religious areas. Increased levels of returns in 2001-2002 slowed markedly in 2003-2004, leaving the majority of Serbian Orthodox adherents living in the Republika Srpska and the majority of Muslims and Catholics still living in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Within the Federation, distinct Muslim and Catholic majority areas remain. However, returns of Serbian Orthodox adherents and Muslims in recent years to their prewar homes in Western Bosnia Canton and Muslims to their prewar homes in eastern Bosnia near Srebrenica have shifted notably the ethno-religious composition in both areas.

Throughout Bosnia, churches (Orthodox and Roman Catholic) and mosques were destroyed by the armed forces of the other major ethnic groups. Among the most important losses were two mosques in Banja Luka, Arnaudija and Ferhadija mosque, that were on the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) register of world cultural monuments. These mosques were leveled by Serb authorities in 1993, with even the stones removed from the sites.

Increased religious identification
Religious leaders from the three major faiths claim that observance is increasing among younger persons as an expression of increased identification with their ethnic heritage, in large part due to the national religious revival that occurred as a result of the Bosnian war. Many Muslim women have adopted Islamic dress styles that had not been common, especially in cities, before the war. Leaders from the three main religious communities observed that they enjoy greater support from their believers in rural areas of Bosnia and Herzegovina rather than urban centers such as Sarajevo or Banja Luka.

In Bosnia and Herzegovina, there are eight Muftis located in major municipalities across the country--Sarajevo, Bihaæ, Travnik, Tuzla, Goražde, Zenica, Mostar, and Banja Luka. The more conservative Islamic communities in Bosnia and Herzegovina are located in the Federation in cities such as Travnik, Bocinja/Zavidoviæi, Tešanj, Maglaj, Bugojno, and Zenica. Although conservative by Bosnian standards, these communities are mild compared to conversative communities of the Middle East.

Missionary activity is limited but growing and includes a small number of representatives from the following organizations, some of which have their central offices for the region in Zagreb or another European city outside of the country: Seventh-day Adventists, Jehovah's Witnesses, the Methodist Church, the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (Mormons), and Krishna Consciousness.

Status of Religious Freedom
The State Constitution provides for freedom of religion, and individuals generally enjoyed this right in ethnically mixed areas or in areas where they were adherents of the majority religion.

Religious education in Bosnia and Herzegovina is largely decentralized, as is the education system generally. The canton and entity governments and the Brèko District authorities have responsibility for education; there is no national education ministry or policy. Public schools offer religious education classes, but with the exception of Brcko, schools generally offer religious instruction only in the area's majority religion. In theory, students have the option not to attend, but in practice, students of the majority religion face pressure from teachers and peers to attend the classes. For example, the RS requires Serbs to attend religion classes but does not require attendance for Bosniaks and Croats. If more than 20 Bosniaks or Croats attend a particular school in the RS, the school is required to organize religion classes on their behalf. However, in the rural RS, there is usually no qualified religious representative available to teach religious studies to the handful of Bosniak or Croat students. It is similar in the Federation, where students of the ethnic majority are required to attend religious classes, either Bosniak or Croat, while the minority is not required to attend. In the Federation's five cantons with Bosniak majorities, schools offer Islamic religious instruction as a 2-hour per week elective course.

Acts of anti-Semitism against the small Jewish community in the country are significantly less frequent than in other parts of Europe. However, Jewish leaders state that there is a growing tendency in the country to mix anti-Israeli sentiment with rare acts of anti-Semitism, as the general public and media often fail to distinguish between criticism of Israeli policy and anti-Semitic rhetoric. Following Istanbul Bombings, the Jewish community was quickly granted police security at its synagogues and no incidents were reported.


Pedestrians walk by the Tsar's Mosque built in the Ottoman era, the oldest mosque in Sarajevo, the capital and largest city of Bosnia and Herzegovina.




The Ferhadija mosque, dating from 1579, was located in Banja Luka, the second largest city in Bosnia, before being destroyed by Serb nationalists in 1993. Reconstruction of the mosque started during the summer of 2006.


Aladza in Foca to be rebuilt inshallah!

[Tahiri Faqeer]

Assalamoeallaikum,

Bosnia and Bosnian people are cool, subhan ALLAH!!

In Ramadhan ul Mubraik I found a bosnian mosque that wors under Bosnian Cultural center. I had the chance to perform few days of Taraweeh there. Before that mosque I have been going to a mosque that is run by saudis.

As brother Khadimu said they follow Hanafi madhab, for me it was a big blessing from ALLAH. They also perform 4-sunnahs that are Moaqida before 2 Fardh rakats' (unit). and 4+2 sunnahs, also Moaqida, after Fardh. And long supplications, duaas.. subhan ALLAH.

And the habit of shaking hands with "assalam u allaikum" when whole session of friday prayer is done.

However I still miss reciting the Salat o Salam for Rasool e Akram sallalahoalleyheywasalam while standing after the final duaa. But for that I think I still have to travel to Märsta

But alhamdulillah something is better than nothing!

Another thing I noted that in the whole mosque I was the only non-bosnian person, all the rest were bosnians but that was ok, one of the older one said in his language that mosque is for everyone, that made me feel good subhan ALLAH

Naqshabanids use 'wooden Tasbeeh" as well with big beads for dhikr, Bosnians had that as well, again made me feel at home.


wassalam

[Tahiri Faqeer]

And this is my share for the images, its "Drina" for brother Drina specifically :